Showing posts with label biology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label biology. Show all posts

Why we should ban plastic toothbrushes immediately

We all know how bad plastics are for the environment-from giant islands of plastic floating in the Pacific to fish dying of swallowing this toxic material created by the petroleum industry. Big money controls oil and plastics, and the world is waking up to how much damage plastic causes. The future of humanity is very dim unless we do something about this.

Off late there have been bans and restrictions on uses of plastic bags and plastic straws, a great step towards a cleaner, greener earth. But we have missed the plastic appendage we use at least once a day-the plastic toothbrush. I lay down the case here, with scientific evidence, that toothbrushes should be banned immediately from the entire planet.

A terrible invention of the plastics industry which you use every day-the toothbrush


A typical toothbrush has several hundred fine plastic bristles. See a closeup here:

Each toothbrush has about 300 bristles-enough to kill 300 small insects and fish


Can you imagine what happens if a fish in the ocean swallows these bristles? It is sure death for the poor thing. Even land animals like small insects cannot handle plastic bristles, and confusing it for something edible, readily swallow it.

CNBC report on mosquitos eating plastics, most probably they are toothbrush bristles.

Plastic bristles from toothbrushes, and other plastics in fish


The result, millions of insects die EVERY DAY from swallowing plastic bristles of toothbrushes. This is in addition to the large number of fish, including micro-fish, which die on swallowing these bristles.

My research shows that plastic bristles are even worse than plastic bags or other plastic objects like straws because of their small size-i.e. the number of innocent animals which will die because of toothbrushes is much larger.

I hereby urge the world community to take actions to ban toothbrushes, where the fine plastic bristles are killing millions of fish, insects and worms every day!

Filed under: Satire




How to alleviate/cure back pain (including what not to do)

Back pain affects just about every male I know, and females seem to have a little bit less of it. I would say the percentages reported by surveys are pretty correct-80% men and 50% women will have a severe back pain episode at least once in their lives.

To cure this very common illness of back pain, not only do you have regular medical doctors with specializations-there is a whole farm of pseudo specialists-chiropractors, acupuncturists, kinesiologists, physical therapists (why I call them pseudo specialists), etc. The pseudo specialists go through elaborate training programs-lasting 3 to 5 years, which gives them the license to call themselves a chiropractor or physical therapist.  The pseudo specialists are pretty useless for back pain. In all probability they will cause you more harm than good.

The regular medical doctors with their degrees and specializations in traumatology don't have a clue about back pain. One will recommend you put a heat pack on your back, the other will want you to get a back surgery, and most will tell you to do exercise. Lots of imagery is taken: X-Rays, MRIs, etc. etc to make it look like real science and knowledge. Large amounts of artificial knowledge on sciatic nerve pain, herniated discs, scoliosis etc. is created-with many Latin looking names to make everything sound scientific and give more believability to the the public. There is some MD in Vancouver, BC, Canada who is publicly talking about pressure points on the back. All kinds of bizarre stuff is being said by these doctors and specialists about how to cure or alleviate back pain. The differences in treatment mentioned between doctors is proof enough that they are clueless. A true treatment should not depend much on the agent, it should be crystal clear, and not be so subjective.

Major caution: what really does not work for back pain is exercise. In every painful injury except in back pain you are told that rest is good. In back pain, the experts (medical doctors, kinesiologists, chiropractors, and physiotherapists) say that the muscles will get weak if you stay too long in bed, they might seize up, the spine needs to be moved, etc. and all these experts want you to do more exercise to alleviate back pain and/or make these muscles stronger. Forcing a body part which is hurting to move by exercise, is against nature - the pain is the body's way of telling you to immobilize that part so that the damage tissue recovers via natural healing- the specialists are going completely contrary to this natural inclination! I have seen myself and many other people get worse after the exercise treatment for back pain...and I trust the natural desire of the body, to rest an injured part, as the right cure. If you rest for 2 to 4 weeks you will feel better; and you can always do your exercises later. There is no risk of your muscles seizing up, etc..they can always be worked upon later. The damaged part, the spine, needs to heal up first, and only rest will do the trick. Avoid all exercise when in back pain.

The spine is a part of the skeletal system. The theory that you can decrease the stress on the spine by making your back muscles stronger is flawed because the interplay between the skeletal system and the muscular system is grossly misunderstood.

The skeletal system takes the first stress on it when you lift something, including your own body. It is only the additional stress which is taken on by the muscular system. If the spine is not in good shape, no matter how great and strong your back muscles are, you will not be able to lift anything. A healthy spine is a necessary condition to lift weight, but is not a sufficient condition. Think of a door and the hinges-the spine is like the hinges of a door. Making the door stronger does not help bad hinges. The hinges help in the movement of the door; similarly, the spine helps in moving the body and keeping it flexible.

This is even more obvious in knee problems. The knee is a simpler joint that the spine (which is a collection of joints, really). The wear and tear of the knee is like a worn out hinge. Making the muscles of the leg stronger does not have anything to do with this joint, just as making a door stronger or reinforcing it will not help it move better if you had a bad hinge. The pain in the knee is mostly because of motion, and at rest, it doesn't hurt. Strengthening the muscles ends up making the joint problem even worse.

It is true that muscles become stronger and bigger as you lift extra weight for many days in a row. The muscles are generated to lift this extra stress. But the moment you stop lifting, the muscles go away. This shows that being muscular is not a natural or even a good state of the body-these are extra resources which are called upon when needed, but when not needed, they are gotten rid of, probably because muscle making and regeneration is a calorie intensive process. Very thin people are also able to at least move around without problems. I have never heard of anyone being too thin to lift their own self-showing that the skeletal system (with the minimal amount of help from skeletal muscles) is quite adequate to lift the body up and move around at least a few hundred meters. This I have also found with old people-they lose a lot of muscle mass, but are able to move quite find. My very thin 87 year old uncle swears that he feels so much better now than before, having lost a lot of his weight, and that he can move around much more easily. The skeletal system with only a very slight help from his very weak skeletal muscles is moving him around.

Use back supports and braces Physical support FROM THE OUTSIDE is a great idea! The last couple of episodes of back pain I have had, I have completely recovered using good back supports (available on Amazon) and lots of bed rest, lying in horizontal position. Takes a couple of months, but works. Buy several of these back supports, see which ones makes you the most comfortable and relieves the pain the best, and use that. Switch them around. This is a good investment-I and my family have a collection of back braces now. Same goes for knee supports, shoulder supports-external supports can be taken off, are reversible, and really work. Mechanics wise-they are same as internal support, which clearly has worn out.

Put ice on your back. You put ice on a forehead injury (the bump on children when they hit a low ledge), your chin when it swells up, your teeth when they hurt (the dentist tells you to put an ice cube), and sports injuries in legs and arms-we all know that athletes always ice their swellings. That is exactly what you need to do for your back. Why that works I don't know (there are 100 theories-it takes away inflammation, numbs nerves, etc etc) but it works. Do not put heat or heat packs on your back.  We know that cuts and wounds hurt less in extreme cold, but hurt more in warm weather, it numbs out the nervous system. People will bleed in cold weather but won't even feel the pain. Heat treatments will make your pain worse.

Pain killers work well (ibuprofen, ketoprofren, etc), if necessary go for injections. There are lots of them-NSAID, Cortesone, etc. but they work to take away the pain. They do not cure the problem, the torn tissue, which only rest seems to cure.

Your body is muscle and bone, and other stuff in between. Discs in your spine are gel like-they are like muscle. All muscles, even for the oldest people (and animals) recover after rest. Even bone fractures will recover considerable for the older people-as long as the bone is immobilized well (the cast, of plaster of paris). There is never a need to get operations on herniated discs-they will recover. It might take months, but surgery is almost always a bad idea (no matter how much data they show you, the docs are very skilled at hiding the bad data of all these people who were not cured by surgery). Procedures like verterbrae fusion should be avoided as much as you would avoid a severance of your arm. Even if you are completely bed-ridden after a really bad lift or shock to your back, your best bet is rest and regeneration/recovery of the herniated disc (discs).

We can learn a lot of medicine from animals. A cheetah sleeps 12 hours a day, and goes 0 to 100kmph in 5 seconds. Tigers, all carnivores, spend a lot of time sleeping around or just resting. That does NOT take away their physical ability-it seems to be a necessary condition for them to show massive agility in catching prey. You will not atrophy because you sleep a lot. No dog or tiger or cheetah did.

In modern workplaces, postures are blamed for back problems. There are posture specialists-ergonomists, etc. all kinds of "ists" which make them look professionals. They might be good people at heart, but 1) the science behind all this is bogus and 2) they need to make money, and will recommend you stuff just to keep getting money from you.

What's the best posture for working in office cubes? Try to sit in a chair which is well padded. To simulate the horizontal resting position (sleep), which my mind is the best position to be in for back pain sufferers, your chair must have a large back rest. And you should lean back as much as possible, maybe 120 to 135 degrees. If that means you have your computer in your lap, no problem; try to stay as close to the 180 degrees sleep position as possible. That is the resting position for the body, as physics tells you (ignore medicine-physics is really an exact science). By lying horizontally, or slouching back in your chair as much as you can (posture experts hate this position; it is the most common natural position for office workers, because the body is pleading them to rest in a horizontal position!), you give the back the maximum support. This in turn reduces the stress on your spine and the muscles; who have full chance for recovery. I don't think a tiger or hyena could catch a prey if they were sitting in office chairs or constantly exercising; they need more than 15 hours of sleep, of lying in a horizontal position, to do well in the other 9 hours they are awake and hunting for food. We need to learn this from animals, and implement this in our lives, together with our understanding of Physics (mechanical support systems). So try sitting in your office chair like this-and you will see immediate relief from pain. The worse thing you can do is sit upright -that is almost like standing, and that will be very very hard on your back.

Summary

Rest is the best thing for alleviating back pain. Do not exercise. Use back supports and braces. Do not put heat or hot packs, use ice. Ice packs are good for pain relief. Painkillers like ibuprofen are good stuff-it doesn't matter how they work (Aspirin was discovered in 1890 and only in 1971 of WHY it worked was solved-until someone comes up with a better explanation...). Surgery to fix back pain should be avoided at all costs. And those digital imagery they show you with all the defects in your spine-if you mix 10 images of normal people with 1 image of yours, the doctor or analyst can't pick out which one is the bad one. Those images are digital representations, open to interpretation, and they see what they want to see (problems). In fact your best bet is not even to get an X-Ray or MRI etc. for them.

How to cure the flu/common cold and not get it at the first place

I am very sensitive to cold weather. Years of experience in many different places, hot and cold, and experience observing and talking with others, has led me to the conclusion that you can prevent common cold and flu almost completely if you stay warm. If you are wearing no winter clothes (insulation) and are dressed in a t-shirt and shorts/skirt, you will catch a cold/flu if exposed for about 60 minutes when the outside air temperature is 20C (this  is approximate; people who are very sensitive to cold will get sick at 22C, while the tough ones will get sick below 15C). You will also NEVER catch a cold with the same dress if the outside air temperature is 25C or above. Ambient air temperature and body insulation are the important factors for catching a cold/flu.

Note that for me, catching the cold is same as the flu; they have the same symptoms [runny nose, sore throat, headache, fever]. Diseases are defined by symptoms, not by what causes them. Causes after all are theories-and theories come and go. 

I don't believe that the flu virus or any viruses exist and the whole science of virology is a big scam, and must be buried just like we buried bloodletting and lobotomy.

Main observation: In warm countries ( >30C temperature) or in summer (>30C) you never catch the flu. I have flown from cold weather with a terrible flu to a warm country, and the flu was gone in 24 hours after arrival into the warm country. By warm I mean really warm, >30C temperature.

Staying warm is the surest way to avoid getting the flu. As the air temperature drops below 20C, you need more and more winter clothing (insulation) and heat the ambient air.

Even if you are bundled up in all your winter clothes, if you are breathing cold air, you will catch a cold. Inhalation and exhalation of cold air is like convection loss of heat-it takes away a lot of heat from your body by the sheer amount of air you inhale and exhale every minute. The solution is to at least moderately heat up the air around you. This is the reason when people go climbing high mountains they heat up their tents at night-because even though they have the best winter clothes on, it is not sufficient, and the air with is breathed needs to be warm as well.

Another solution is to cover up your head completely when sleeping in cold air, and leave only a very tiny hole for replenishing the oxygen/air. You inhale mostly the air you exhale, so it is somewhat suffocating, but you don't get the flu, because exhaled air is warm. The suffocating feeling is a tradeoff to getting the flu-I myself can't sleep like this because I need to breathe more oxygen and can't recycle so much CO2 in exhalation. But I know many who do this successfully. I believe the homeless folk in Toronto or New York also survive the winters using this technique.

A good way to get some heat if it is not possible to heat up the room is to drink hot beverages-hot tea, hot coffee, etc. In the very cold Argentine Patagonia people keep drinking hot mate every few hours, which keeps them warm. Ingesting a hot liquid gives you a lot of heat in calories, and is a very efficient and cheap way to stay warm if heating the surroundings is not possible. Drinking hot liquids helps in avoiding the flu at the first place; and if you do get the flu, it will help it cure faster.

A common way people will catch a cold, without realizing it, is from excessive exposure to cold water-e.g. by washing dishes, or by drinking ice cold water. This can happen in the summer or the winter-and avoiding contact with cold water will reduce your chances of catching a cold/flu.

If you keep moving outside even in heavy snow you don't get the flu. Exercise and movement prevents it-probably because body is warmed up and the cold air doesn't reach lungs, only in nose. If you stay still in snow you will get flu.

Flu is not contagious. If you are warm, it doesn't matter if everyone around you has the cold. This has huge ramifications for children, who sometimes are forced to miss school because of the bad conclusion that the flu is contagious. The recommendation to wash your hands, not come in contact with people who have flu etc. are useless.

If you are in a temperature below 20C and are not dressed to keep warm, you will catch a cold, even if you are in the summer. This happens to people all the time when the air conditioning (A/C) is too high. The solution there is to always carry some sweater or winter clothing in buildings which run the A/C too high. It is not contracted from other people having the flu-flu is an intrinsic process, due to exposure of respiratory lining and tract to cold air.

The symptoms and the suffering is considerably reduced if you remember to always stay warm even after contracting the flu/cold.

Lemons, gingers, etc. are remedies which are proposed as solutions for alleviating the symptoms of the flu. My experience is that none of these work. The best solution seems to be temperature control, firstly to prevent you from falling ill with the flu, and also to cure it fast.

Taking a pain killer like ibuprofen and sore throat reliever does help in reducing the severity of the symptoms.

Yearly flu shots are bad science, they do not work, from my own personal experience many years ago of getting them for 6 years in a row  and still coming down with the flu. You will get the flu even if you get a flu shot if you are exposed to cold weather. Here are details on why flu shots don't work. Avoid getting yearly flu shots.

Bad Science behind introduction of genetically modified Zika mosquitos to control their population

Zika is spreading a little bit outside Brazil and Colombia, and a company called Oxitec is proposing a solution. In all likelihood they are twisting their data to fit their needs-to make it look like the mosquitoes they introduce really cause a decrease in the overall mosquito population.

News stories Here and Here for a sum-up of what they are proposing.

"Trials of the modified mosquitoes in Brazil, Panama and the Cayman Islands suggest they reduced local populations of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes by more than 90 per cent," Oxitec says.

Here's the problem from an evolutionary point of view-just because you have created this male Aedes aegypti mosquito which transmits the gene so that  the offspring are killed before they reach adulthood doesn't mean that the females will mate with them. Even if the sexual selection be random, you will just eliminate the offspring of these males; but the other males, who are a large part of the population, will continue producing offspring. This is the best case scenario.

Sexual selection is not random-it is not like that females will mate with any mosquito-and if the mosquito population realize that the offspring of these genetically modified males are not reaching adulthood, they will probably weed them out by sexual selection even faster. Sexual selection by females will accelerate de demise of these traits.

From what Darwin explained in his Domestication of plants and animals and a little bit in the Origin of Species, it is clear that introducing new strains in a plant or animal is the easy part, the hard part is to make sure that their offspring survive the selection pressures of the others who are the more "stable" varieties. In his words, hybrids are easy to create-but will tend to revert to the stable varieties after a few generation, even if they can reproduce. Hybrids most likely will not even reproduce-and the reason was unclear to him-but the evidence is very strong that hybrids are difficult to breed, and even if they do breed, even more difficult is to ensure that their offspring survive and don't revert back to the parent varieties used to create the hybrid.

This thing about Zika males is very similar-and my bet is that introduction of these males has no effect whatsoever on the mosquito population of Zika.

Regarding the data from Brazil, Panama and Cayman Island-I  think the data has been fudged to give them what they want to prove. And doing it in a lab setting may have nothing to do with how this turns out in real life-with loads of other selection pressures on the mosquitoes, both from within and outside their species. This is similar to the myth of antibiotic resistance in many ways.

-Sanjay


Understanding evolution-zebra article today

Some biologists published a study on why they think zebra stripes are not for camouflage, etc. They do not seem to understand evolution quite right.

The winner in evolution transmits all their characteristics to the offspring. But  you can't say that the characteristic (e.g. stripes) was the cause of the individual being a winner.

A particular human being might be a survivor in a difficult situation because of their excellent intelligence. They may have a mole on their right chin, or have a hairy back, etc. All these characteristics will be passed on to their progeny; but it is not because of their hairy back or the mole on their right chin that they are a winner.


Or instead of intelligence, it might be just luck; maybe the individual just hid in a cave while the rest of the pack was eaten by a predator. Since this individual now reproduces, all his characteristics will be transmitted to his offspring.
This can be extended to all animals, I chose human being as an example animal, that's all.

The characteristics you see in a species like a zebra are just that; they are not there because somehow that characteristic lead the species to win out.

Even for sexual selection this is the same. The characteristic is not a cause of victory; it is a by product of already being victorious.

The same intelligent human being might be able to get more mates; but the females are not selecting the individual for their mole on the right chin or his hairy back.

Another scientific study claims that some people in a Bajau, Indonesia evolved into having bigger spleens because they dove in water for longer periods. A whole chain of scientific arguments are published to prove this-apparently the bigger spleen holds breath longer etc. etc.. who knows what the real cause of their better survival is? Maybe the ancestor of this tribe survived because he could survive the sun well, and he also happened to have a big spleen, and thenn passed on his bigger spleen to all the progeny, which resulted in all these individuals today having bigger spleens. The common ancestor may have also had a firmer set of hands, so he could hold on to the fish longer, and maybe that was the cause for the survival of the tribe, not the spleen. A dozen other theories can be made up to prove whatever you want to prove and invoke evolution.

At a very fundamental mathematical level, these studies are committing the classic error of "correlation is not causality".

This is a common problem I see in evolution related publications; essentially they do not get the causality right. The causes of why an individual survives are not known; the characteristics you see in an individual are the effects of them being winners.

Probability fudging-drug companies with too many vaccinations, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), airplanes safer than cars

In this article I cover some examples of probability fudging which goes on around us daily. The basic tenet of this post is:
When probabilities of two things are low (less than 1%), the comparison between these two things may makes you feel that your intended therapy or treatment improves things; but that doesn't mean it should be done, because 
1) there is a cost of doing interventions, of hassling a large fraction of the population to save a few. A crude example: We can be safer from a meteor hit by walking around in a body armor all day; but the probability of a meteor hit being low, it is not something necessary to do. There is a cost of making people mandatorily walk around in body armor all day, it is darn uncomfortable, and must be considered in the equation. And,
2) there is a safety profile of interventions, you may be doing more secondary harm by the intervention than helping the few who are helped.

HPV and rare disease vaccinations

[This part was written before 2021. Since 2021, I don't believe there is an HPV virus at all-virology is all junk science. However, even if there were an HPV virus, the vaccine is useless at best, as this shows.]

There is a lot of talk about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccinations. Kids, especially girls, between the age of 10 to 15 years are recommended to get this vaccine. Let us look at the data, published by CDC here.

There are 79 Millions Americans (total population of about 300 Million) affected with HPV. There are 12 Million cases of new infections per year. Cancers attributed to HPV are 27000, of which 18000 are girls, the rest of 9000 being boys.

Since 1 in 4 Americans has the virus already, and 12 million get it every year, the virus itself can't be that bad. This is a classic case of measuring too much-if common bacteria presented in the mouth are measured, surely 1 in 4 have some particular "infection"...most Americans get on with their lives just fine, and HPV infection, even if they don't know about it, doesn't seem to be a big deal in everyday life. From this data, it is more common than the common cold virus-and you begin to wonder how (and why) they collected this data at the first place. But let's trust the data for a moment anyway.

The cases where you have severe effects (cancers) are interesting to us, 27000. It is a large number, but looking at the overall population of HPV infected people (79 Million), it is a very small percentage, about 0.034%.   Only 3 in 10000 people are getting cancers attributable to HPV.

The pharma companies say we can eliminate this tiny percentage of people getting cancers by injecting them with the HPV vaccine. The side effects of thee vaccine appear on the same page: Out of 67 million doses of vaccine, 25000 people reported some side effects, and 2000 of these were serious. The serious side effects are about 0.00025%, or about 0.25 in 10000. We must remember that many people may not report a problem even if their child has some side effects, so this number 25000 is likely to go up.

At first instance, it will look like the benefit of the vaccine, eliminating 3 in 10000 cancers, is about 10 times better than the serious side effects of the vaccine (0.25 in 10000). But if the disease is rare to start with, like this HPV-cancer, does it make sense to vaccinate at all? I find it ridiculous that we are going to vaccinate 9997 kids unnecessarily, to potentially save 3. There is tremendous hassle and cost involved in vaccinating children, and society has to bear that cost, one way or the other. Obviously what's rare and not rare is subjective, but to me, a disease which will going to happen to 3 in 10000 is quite rare, and we should not hurry to vaccinate kids against it. Couple that with the problem with this specific case where there's no clear indication that the HPV is causing the cancer (they are confusing correlation with causality, and assuming that the HPV vaccine with prevent cancers 30 years from now, which is very speculative an assumption) and you see that HPV should not be a mandatory vaccine.

Look at the distribution of 1-x, not of x

When probabilities are very low, the right distribution to look at is the 1-x distribution. That is the statistical trickery these guys are doing to convince us of the wonderful effects of the vaccine. If x is small, less than 0.1% (1 in 1000), you must evaluate 1) the risk of intervention causing more damage then the disease itself (the safety of the treatment or vaccine), and 2) just the hassle and cost of everyone undergo the intervention. Unless you have clear data that there is a strong benefit, don't administer vaccines (or other procedures).

Let us look at the 1-x distribution of the same data (placebo group).

99.9966% will not develop a cancer related to HPV if they are not vaccinated.
100% will not develop a cancer related to HPV if they are not vaccinated, but 0.00025% will get serious side effects.

By focusing on the "x" distribution, the benefit is magnified; but in reality, the real distribution of interest is the 1-x, which is a stable distribution, and doesn't change much by vaccinating our children. And we subject the large number of 1-x to an unnecessary intervention/vaccine.

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are not what they claim them to be 

I broke this down into a separate article here.


Airplane and Car driving safety

Airplanes are safe, driving in cars is safe. Most people know this, and will take a plane or car ride from a place to another without thinking about safety-they will only worry about costs and the conveniences and inconveniences when comparing the two. However, you have all sorts of bad statisticians comparing airplane safety to car safety, and concluding that airplanes are safer (or unsafer) than driving. The error there is that the 1-x is the real distribution of interest: the probability of survival. That is maybe 99.95% over 10 years of car driving  to 99.99% for plane riding, and those two are similar, dont you think? One thing is 99.99% safe, the other is 99.95% safe...we can agree that they are both quite safe. No one thought that planes are significantly safer or unsafer than cars. Both are safe, the 1-x is the real distribution.

Related articles: 

A list of phony professionals and specialists

Here is a list of professions which are largely phony, and sometimes outright fraud. More than 95% of the stuff these professionals do is useless or harmful, only 5% can be called useful at best.

Chiropractors

This profession believes in the "adjustments by force" of your bones and joints to remove your pain/cure you. The therapy has no logic at all. Back pain being a major problem for humanity, many resort to this pseudo profession to get rid of it. Some are cured spontaneously, and attribute the success to chiropractors. The others are not cured and go on to find other therapies. There is a substantial portion which is left worse than before (applying pressure to zones which are already hurting contradicts the basic philosophy of biological animals-the pain is there to essentially immobilize (rest) that part-that is the main function of this pain-and to make this part move more cannot be good for you). I went to a couple of chiropractors in different countries, and their dialogue is full of pseudo-science. They even will try to tell you that your whole spine is defective, that regular checkups of the spine are necessary, etc. etc...all to justify the foolish procedures which they want to do on you. They will display elaborate musculoskeletal charts in their offices, pretending to be medics. Usage of charts, graphs, diagrams and tables is nothing new-astrologers have used them for centuries to fool the public that there is science and math behind what they say. I highly recommend that you avoid chiropractors. I have covered back pain in a previous article to help you with this common problem (I am a chronic back pain sufferer myself).

Kinesiologists

Similar to chiropractors, they believe in stretching and stimulating your muscles (instead of bones vertebrae, and the skeletal system, which the chiropractor focuses on ) to take care of back pain, and other rehabilitation after knee surgeries, etc. That the muscles need to be stretched and put in form is the basis of their therapy. The forced motion they subject you to is less intense than a chiropractor cracking your spine vertebrae, but the problem if not using rest and motionlessness to cure the body remains the same. Their back pain relief argument is stretching muscles in hamstrings and even the ankles. The fools in the university of kinesiologists teach them some rudimentary principles of physics (all muscles are connected, and stretching from one end relieves stress throughout the muscle strands, etc) and apply them to living bodies. The basic principle of resting and leaving the damaged part immobilized is not mentioned at all-obviously not very good for their profession to recommend such things. Nowadays they will stimulate these muscles by temperature shocks, electric and magnetic fields, which is a very risky strategy. The ones who are left handicapped by these pseudo-therapists are posting heavily in online forums. Brute force therapy cannot be good for you, and kinesiologists together with chiropractors are going completely contra this basic common sense principle of recovery of all living beings. Both kinesiologists and chiropractors insist on the value of exercise and motion to keep you healthy or to restore you to good health. The fact that mammals like tigers, cheetahs, leopards, deer, wild buffalos etc. never exercise and can run much faster and longer than humans is completely ignored. Many of these animals are very lazy-but when need be, they can run and do all kinds of physical activities. In fact, long sleeping hours are necessary for carnivores-lions, tigers and cheetahs spend 12-20 hours a day sleeping and the rest of them just lounging about.

Except for sport injury rehabilitation of young sportsmen (less than 30 years old) I don't see any use of kinesiology. The elaborate program of several years can be cut down to a few months training, just like that of a physiotherapist.

A profession closely related to kinesiology is Ergonomist/Ergonomics and posture experts. They have sprouted up to improve posture in workplaces. They will design a special desk with a special chair etc. etc. for you. Normally it is done for back pain relief-and these posture experts will tell you to keep your back upright, and never lean back (completely contrary to mother nature's idea of rest as a solution for back-pain). They will also recommend raising of knees, etc. etc. and all kinds of bullshit theories to improve your productivity. My suggestion to you is to keep these Ergonomics people out of your workplaces; and if you have a worker in back pain, give him a chair which leans back as much as possible, something like 135 Degrees, and let them raise their legs; if they have to work, let them work in the most horizonal position possible, to have the least amount of stress on their injured part, the back. See how to relieve back pain my my post here.

Psychologists and Sociologists

I am an unfortunate co-author of a paper in psychology, so please don't get offended by what I say.
Most of the theories of psychology of behavior etc. are unprovable. Psychologists have an elaborate DSM manual, trying to organize illnesses into categories, and then cures of talking and going over your past, behavior therapy etc. are practiced to treat the patients. The whole thing is a giant play of words-and I doubt that they cure anything serious by their talking cures or their cognitive and behavioral therapies. They are like Geishas and friends for hire at best.

Acupuncturists

Acupuncture is another farce therapy. The theory that you can insert needles into certain parts of the body to make it better (or pain go away) is foolish. Once again, back pain problems, because they are so common to humanity, are where these specialists make the most money. I have heard of these needles causing punctures in several vital organs, including the heart and lungs. This therapy is more likely to cause harm than good.

Financial analysts (related to the stock market, investments, including real estate) 

Most of these are clueless about the stock market. Wild theories of asset allocation, index fund returns, etc. are invoked to make you invest in funds X and Y, and grow your nest egg until retirement by Z% with V% volatility. Nassim Taleb covers them well in "Fooled by Randomness"-most of this profession is full of data analysts who extrapolate random noise to see the future, and fail spectacularly in the process. Several win Nobel prizes to make their craft seem scientific-it is not. They are good at math, which is a wonderful thing-but this math has nothing to do with reality. Math is often used to fool people in this profession to confuse the investor and saver to part with their money.

Marketing and Sales types (Marketing managers, etc)

Marketing types are another breed of fake specialists. Many exist in product design, publicity and market campaigns of consumer products like shampoos, soaps, detergents, razors, beers, wines, etc. They claim to design marketing which touches your conscience. The "feel good" feeling they want to portray through advertisements, they claim, help sales of whatever product they are selling. Most of these marketeers are story-tellers (and they will even accept this!) and their whole goal is to fool the public to buy your products. The problem is that their expertise is extremely doubtful, and a lot of success is by chance alone, rather than skill. The demand for all these products goes up as society becomes richer; and these marketing type people will claim credit whenever they see success. They conveniently blame the failures on other things, bad products, etc. Salespeople who seem to understand what people want better than the people who make the product are another breed of liars. 

Climate scientists, global warming enthusiasts

A large number of these are purely in the game for money. The models of global warming etc. are unprovable, and for some strange reason, global cooling (which was feared in the 1950s in the USA) has gone to global warming in a period of 50 years. The models have not much to do with reality. The conclusions are highly speculative and are designed to cause alarm. I cover these in previous posts. Global warming garbage science post 1  and  Global warming garbage science post 2.

Archaeologists and Anthropologists

Another mostly fake profession, they use carbon dating, evolution, and other scientific and technical terms to tell stories which get newspaper attention. They are historians with some science backgrounds; but their main interest in getting public attention (to get more funding, fame, etc.). Whenever you talk about an archaeologist talking about an Egyptian Pharaoh or life in ancient Rome, run from them!

Paleontologists and fossil experts

Fossils are much like cloud patterns; highly subject to interpretation. Patterns in rocks are all what's real; paleontologists add a lot of their imagination to come up with models of dinosaurs and other creatures who roamed the earth millions of years ago. Complicated scientific-like theories of connections between sea and land animals are constructed and proved by fossil experts. Large dinosaur models in science museums are created to wow the public; the models are wild extrapolations from the very small and imprecise fossil patterns which are actually found on the rocks. The dozens of ever changing dinosaur theories have huge entertainment value-but cannot be called serious science.

Cardiologists

Experts of parts of the body like cardiologists are dangerous when they overspecialize.  They ignore or do not consider the inter-relatedness of the various organs of the body, which can and does lead to disastrous consequences. The whole industry behind angioplasty is false. The original premise, that cholesterol increase heart attacks, is not true. Clogged arteries cured by angioplasty or fancy heart surgeries do not consider the massive redundancies present in the body's arterial and venous system. The medicines they recommend are largely data from pharmaceutical industry experts and scientists-and whenever I have seen some of these researchers, they are full of bad conclusions/incomplete data sets. Angioplasty is trying clean an artery gone bad in a very bizarre way of inserting a  foreign object. Angioplasty seems to violate the basic principles of sound plumbing and fixing the line when there are problems. The only use of cardiologists is to relieve symptoms of pain, not to cure the disease-because their theories of heart attacks, etc. are all flawed. The whole concept of  bypass surgeries is strange-people suffer from some pain or loss or breath and are operated upon. A very  large number of people who undergo bypass surgeries die or are left worse off than before. The ones who do get better (for unknown reasons, or by chance) are touted as success by these cardiologists. More on angioplasty here.

Neurologists and Neurosurgeons

These specialists are born out of technological advancements in X-ray and MRI imaging. They try to overinterpret and see problems when there aren't any (much like dentists). Neurosurgeons are needed for removal of sharp objects in the skull in accidents (trauma injuries), or to remove tumors or growths which are causing pain-but they do not address the underlying problem of the cause of the growth. Only in accidents and impact injuries should one need to consult with them. 

See more in oncologists on tumor removals.

Dentists

The massive scam this profession is can't be explained in one paragraph, I have a complete article just to expose the foolishness of dentists (they like to use sophisticated terms like odontologists to describe themselves, to dupe the public of course). Here I will just say that dentists have broken the fringe/alternative medicine shell to enter as doctors (they love being called doctors) , and that is a very bad thing for humanity.

Oncologists

Cancer is a said to be a leading "cause" of death, and it is a small surprise that medicine has created a specialist to meet the demand of the public for this. But the science behind these specialists is flaky. Nixon's declaration of war on cancer in 1971 hasn't got us anywhere in 50 years, and it may be because of what I explain here.

The logical mistake of cancer is confusing correlation with causality. That deaths occur in metastatic cancers is clear-but that does not mean that the cancer is the cause of the death. A large number of people with cancers which metastasize live on for decades. Others die very fast.  Cancer seems to be a symptom of some underlying (probably genetic-but may be biochemical, etc.) problem, and that same genetic problem seems to cause organ failure or death of the individual. The very existence of benign tumors and cancers shows that cancer is not causing deaths in many cases-so it is not that bad. The assumption that spreading of the cancer leads to deaths is erroneous. Also, given all the theories of how cancers metastasize (spread around in the body)-through lymph, blood, etc, they do not consider the fact that cells might be mutating independently in organs to give the impression of spreading. In other words, when you find a breast cancer like tumor in the brain, can it be that the brain cells have misfired in their replication and growth, and created cells which look like breast cancer cells? In that sense, it is not spreading; it is the growth of all these tumors independently due to some defective firing mechanism of the cells. To me this is the most probable way that tumors appear, rather than the popular theory of cancerous cells being carried around in the body to cause cancers in other regions. We know that when we have allergies to something-symptoms (e.g. a rash) will appear at different parts of the body simultaneously; but it is not necessary that the rash "spread" internally to cause rashes on other parts! Same with moles, chicken pox, and many other diseases-there need not be a transfer of cells-the islands will sprout up independently, will look all the same, which is what will characterize the disease at the first place. We don't go around looking for how a chicken pox swelling goes from one part of the body to another through lymph nodes, etc. It is the same for cancerous growth! Metastasis is a very questionable way to explain the existence of similar-looking tumors in the body, these tumors develop independently. This is the reason why many times you will not find the primary tumor at all-because it is all independent island type growth, just like the formation of ice when water is frozen. You would think that if it was breast cancer in the brain, the breast would have a tumor-but many times it is not seen there at all. When you ask the cancer experts why that is-they have no good reason. The obvious reason seems to be that the breast (cancer) like cells in the brain are a formation in the brain; and have nothing to do with cells in the breast. It is as if the cells are growing the wrong organ at the designated place-a more believable explanation as someone ages (propensity to defective cell multiplication or errors increases with age) or genetic defects, when it is not happening in old age. Cancer is a symptom of disease; not a cause of disease. This is why when you shrink some tumors with radiotherapy or chemotherapy-you do not cure anything; the tumors appear again in different places, and the patient dies anyway. Metastatic Cancer is just correlating to deaths but not the cause of deaths, you can even argue that removing cancers might hurt you -you are more likely to die if you try to shrink tumors (which might be the body's expression of fight, for example).

Even if we grant that cancer is "spreading" from the original tumor, the cures have their holes. Cancer removal by surgery is to remove symptoms of pain-it never will solve the problem of why there is cancerous growth at the first place. The cancerous cells are misfiring, and no one has proved that the cells in the vicinity go bad because of a cluster of cancerous cells in the vicinity. Models of metastasis and cutting off or doing surgery at the primary tumor do not consider that by the time the primary tumor is seen, other parts the body may already have the primary tumor's cells...cutting the primary tumor now will not help, it might be already too late.

Controlled experiments for cancers in mice etc. are full of bad selection of samples, and conclusions from mice cannot be used easily for humans. The saying that detecting (and removing) a cancer early helps you cure it can't be proved. Cancers will grow in other places even if the early cancerous growth (primary tumor, or other tumors) are removed. Cures like chemotherapy, radiation therapy etc. are full of naysayers-a cursory look on the internet will tell you this. Medicine is not rolling dice with my body-if you can't guarantee with let's say a 90% or higher probability that I will be cured, I do not want to be treated. Not even considering that I might have to pay a lot of money to get the treatment at the first place, which the medics will keep even if I die. The only place where you may get surgery for cancer is if the pain at the local location where there is cancer is too much; then it is symptom relief, and not a "cure" as the oncologists like you to believe, by their flawed theories of spreading and controlling early stage cancers. Until a clear mechanism for metastasis is proven, all cures based in removal of the primary tumor are highly questionable. Every day a new article is published in Cell or Nature or another "scientific journal" to inform us about a new mechanism for metastasis of cancer cells. That itself is proof enough to keep away from at least a surgical treatment by oncologists.

In this sense, the appearance of cancer is like wrinkles. An observer can see clearly that wrinkles are correlated to death (most people who die have wrinkles-old age); but can falsely conclude that removing wrinkles will remove deaths. Imagine the thousands of wrinkle removing cream manufacturers (they don't even remove wrinkles, by the way) touting the benefit of postponing death by removing wrinkles; that's what curing cancer to reduce deaths is. The presence of benign cancers, or cancers which grow and spread, but then don't do it anymore, is enough to prove that worrying about cancer in itself will not solve the problem of deaths which are correlated with cancer.

Another example, consider the appearance of grey hair. We know that grey hair correlates well with death (most people who die have grey hair). But it would be foolish to think that removing the grey hair, or coloring them, will somehow prevent the person from dying! Cancer in that sense is nothing more than graying of the hair-it is an offshoot of some bad problem in the system (probably due to aging of cells, as I have said above) but doesn't actually CAUSE death. Removing cancer does not prevent the person from dying, just as removing or coloring their grey hair is not going to decrease their chances of dying. An ET (extra terrestrial) sometimes can tell you better about life than humans who try to see causality everywhere; for an ET, there is not difference between graying of hair, cancer and wrinkes; they are all symptoms of death to the ET, that's all. Causality is a difficult thing to prove, and with cancer, it seems like the whole industry is way off the mark, unless there is some specific circumstances where the outgrowth of cancer cells actually is resulting in organ failure (e.g. pressing of an artery, etc). But those cases are rare; and even something like lung cancer, a fairly common type of cancer (and I have personally known people who have died from it, and watched their cancer's development), is not causing catastrophic lung failure it seems. Removing cancerous tumors for lung cancer does not prolong the life of the patient. It can be done to remove the pain (if they are suffering from pain), but is really nothing more than removing their grey hair in terms of the health benefit.

The real problem to solve is the death due to aging. It is aging of the body which is causing wrinkles and cancers; and the true problem is to prevent cells from aging, or help in their regeneration, etc...which will automatically take care of cancer.

On tumors, early detection, especially of breast cancer tumors, is said to help in survival, because those cancers can be removed quickly. Removing the tumors in one area does not affect their probability of arising in another area. A tumor growing bigger doesn't mean that the person will die. It may be uncomfortable and painful to live with a tumor, but it in itself doesn't lead to death or "complications"-the word "complications" being used everywhere in medicine to scare people.

In summary, oncology is probably 95% lies and 5% truth. The chop chop chop cancer surgeons are looking for tumors; and find some to remove, billing you (or the insurance company or the government) for it. 


Surgeons removing Vermiform Appendix

There seems to be a general consensus in the medical community that the vermiform appendix is a vestigial organ. Given that the organ is there in all humans (and probably other animals) I highly doubt that it is useless; we just do not know enough about its use. On a painful episode, the surgeons remove the organ; saying that it is infected with some bacteria and removing it is the best option. Why not give a good dose of antibiotics??? The real cause is bacterial infections, and the pain goes away with a good dose of antibiotics, as studies and logic would lead you. Here is some more on this.  The fear that the appendix will burst and cause secondary infections and "complications" is also unfounded, and a few days of antibiotics treatment should be the first course. If the patient continues with the pain, a surgery can be conducted; but the way it is done right now is clearly wrong to me.

The article linked above mentions: "Fifty years ago, removal of the tonsils was routine and thousands of children went under the surgeon's knife in a misguided attempt to protect them from tonsillitis – a sore throat that could develop into a fatal infection." This surgery is no longer done. Appendix removal surgery is headed the same way (I hope).

The medical community, instead of accepting that they may not (yet) know the use of this organ, declare that it is useless. Evolution and structure of organisms is highly optimized with little wastage of resources; I highly doubt there are any vestigial organs. It is out limited understanding of how the organism works, where we don't know what an organ or a structure is doing, rather than the uselessness of the organ.

 Surgeons doing circumcision on male babies

This practice exists in significant percentages in USA and Canada. The medics recommend this for "health reasons", that it reduces risks of infections and illnesses for these boys. The practice doesn't exist in medical circles in South America, Europe or India and China. The American and Canadian doctors are duping their citizens with this crazy, unnatural procedure.


Epidemiologists, virologists and biostatisticians

These professions are in high demand after the Covid outbreak of 2020. They use math based models to predict progression of disease, especially infectious diseases. The modeling of R0, R1 etc. is diffusion models with some minor modifications. These models when simplified assume all humans are the same (like dead particles or molecules), assume individuals do not interact with each other (rat population is limited by the presence of snakes), and also assume environment doesn't affect anything, and it is these assumptions which make them publishes numbers like R0 and R1 and try to extrapolate the future from that. You could extrapolate the population of polar bears into the tropics by running models of epidemiologists and biostatisticians. Medics with rudimentary math skills is and excellent summary of their qualifications. More on Covid here.

Geneticists, genomics experts, DNA tests

Genetics, with its DNA helix model and nucleotides, has really taken off in popularity lately. The human genome has been deciphered, millions of ATGC sequences. It is a massive science sounding cool word soup. DNA tests are a completely joke-they have no reliability. Used often in forensics and paternity testing, you wonder how these fake scientists got so far. They cannot distinguish a dog from a human on a DNA test, but they claim to tell you if you were present somewhere or a child is yours. 

The whole idea of nucleotide sequences of ATGC meaning anything is the assumption; and they keep building on this faulty assumption. No falsifiable hypothesis are proposed. The whole science of genomics and genetics rests largely on computers-which spit out sequences of everything. Genes can't even be defined properly-they are just a few ATGC together, is the latest definition.

DNA is not helical, the Watson and Crick paper is literally 2 pages with one fuzzy picture. They say clearly the X Ray pattern is of the SALT of the nucleic acid, not of the acid itself. There is also no proof anywhere that what is called DNA is actually from the nucleus. The childish experimental extractions of DNA from all kinds of plants, fruits and animals using the exact same process-detergent and alcohol shows that what they are passing off as DNA is really some chemical reaction with all life forms-probably some proteins-which are used to define DNA. 

Hereditary is real, a dog gives birth to a dog and an apple seed becomes an apple tree-but the mechanism of nucleotide sequences and they meaning anything at all is what I question. It is like looking at a microchip and trying to figure out what it does by the map of the transistors on it. There's a lot more going on under the chip top layer, and geneticists are totally oblivious to that. The result is billions of dollars wasted-might as well study tarot and astrology using computers and call it genetics.

A particularly ridiculous method underpinning genetics is the PCR method-claims to amplify gene sequences. In reality, it amplifies nothing at all. You detect something by amplifying is ridiculous-how can you amplify something without detecting it first? They go on into jargon of primers, etc. and eventually the primers spit out whatever you are looking for (sequences) and the experiments are called a success in amplification. Mullis got a Nobel prize for it-he probably couldn't believe his dumb luck at fooling so many. Nobel prizes are a dime a dozen; the inventor of lobotomy also got one.

Nutritionists and Dietitians

This is another fake group of experts. The so called science of nutrition varies considerably depending on the country you live in (food habits of humans vary a lot over the world). Even stuff like multivitamins for adults is questionable. Taste as an indicator of what the body really needs is completed ignored by all these experts. When I can't decide what is good for me, I trust my natural instinct of what I find tasty at that moment to purchase my groceries. Taste has an interesting property-after you have had your share of carrots or ice-cream or whatever else you wanted to eat tonight, you don't eat it anymore. This shows clearly that the body is naturally needing some ingredients in these foods, and once those ingredients are supplied, the body is satisfied, and doesn't want to eat more of the same stuff anymore. Taste to my mind is a natural indicator of what one's body biologically needs right now-and none of these pseudo-experts takes this into account. On the contrary, what is tasty is almost always said to be bad for you...probably from our fear of our own senses and enjoyments (basis of all religion). Instead of the hedonist, everyone likes the person who avoids and spurns pleasure. This was covered well by Smith (what wasn't!). We seem to respect people who flagellate themselves, and don't like indulgence or hedonistic tendencies. It is not a bad thing for many things-but for foods, I think trusting your biological taste buds is much better than trusting nutritionists and dietitians.

 For weight loss, the number of experts is amazing-from potion selling herbalife to protein only diets, everyone has a way to make everyone else lose weight. There is little science in these professionals.

Warren Buffet is a great indicator of what's wrong with the whole "science" behind nutrition. He drink loads of coca cola, and eats ice cream, snacks etc...all (wrongly) labeled junk food. Here's what he says about a healthy diet (I am pretty much the same-I only trust what is tasty, and completely ignore what nutritionists etc. say, and have no health problems).

As you will notice, a lot of these fake professions are in health-care. There has been massive overspecialization in health care -in 1840 there were no specialists in medicine. I don't believe that our understanding of human bodies has taken such a quantum leap in 150 years. But the liars in medicine have been able to convince the public by their slick science-like marketing that they know something special. They are losing the big picture-and keep insisting in being experts in treating areas of the body like teeth, the heart or cancers. If this continues, in a 100 years we will have a specialist for the right thumb, and another one for the left thumb. The point is-unless it is very clear that the problems are not related, one should not promote specialization at the first place. Specialization in medicine is really harmful-because most body parts and functions are highly correlated. The medical industry is full of fools and charlatans, who do not understand math and statistics and difference between correlation and causality that well, and the ones who do keep quiet because there is too much money at stake. The result is all these specialists who add no value to human health-and in actuality hurt more than help us.

Universal tests for calling out bullshit 

The pseudo-professionals always tout their degrees and studies as proof of expertise (the same argument is used by religious people and astrologers). Here are three universal tests to determine if something is junk science:

1. No guarantees: Neither cardiologists nor oncologists, and much less the other professionals mentioned here, take any guarantee that I will be cured. In fact, they make me sign a document that even if I die, I can't sue them, that there is risk in this etc. etc. You would think that if they were more confident about their knowledge, they would give me a money back guarantee at least, if not a guarantee for the cure. They legally avoid both. 

You can buy a TV with a guarantee; but not an expensive cancer surgery. Strange, isn't it?

2. Subjectivity: The opinions and therapies vary within the group considerably. That's why one has to go for 2nd and 3rd opinions in cancer. One recommends surgery-other recommends chemotherapy, etc. etc. They can't agree amongst themselves what the best treatment is. How can I trust this profession?

3. Varies around the globe: The practice and it's cure vary widely depending on the country you are in. Dentists in one country recommend root canals for everything. In another country they are recommending you take good care of milk teeth of children because that will cause problems later on when the fixed teeth sprout. All kinds of theories and meta-theories are published, and people are experimented upon. The pain and suffering of the people is real-but the cure by these people are largely hand-waving and experimentalist. A practice which changes from country to country cannot be trusted. Compare this to Electrical Engineering or Chemistry or Math-which remain the same whether you are in South Korea, Chile or Canada. One is hard science, the other is experimental science. I don't want to be the guinea pig for these therapists, and worse still, have to pay for the experiment from  my pocket!

These three tests have served me well to call out a lot of bullshit in life.

Not all of medicine is bad, but many branches are like blood letting in 1800 AD

There are good parts in the medical profession which are wonderful and useful for humanity. Trauma care, or ain injury in an accident which results in an open wound will be stitched together by a surgeon. Or if by accident you get a sharp object inserted in your body; removal of that object with minimum damage and anesthesia (to avoid pain) is an extraordinary skill, and we need great surgeons for it. That is a great use of medicine-it is obvious, clear and there isn't much "hidden high tech science" behind it.

Taking care of physical damage to the body due to an accident is probably the most useful part of medicine. Same with sewing up a gash or wound-there are lots of technologies to make the process easier and less painful for the patient.

My point in this article is to show you the problems in the areas (normally called "cutting edge") where it is clear that medics don't have a clue. But overall, medicine remains a very useful specialization to develop for humanity-but the progress needs to be slow and measured, never fast and innovative-these buzzwords are not for medicine or serious medics. Treating live animals (humans) is a hard thing, much harder than making airplanes or internet websites, and it should be done with care-accumulating sure progress, discarding the negative therapies and uses, to make medicine really take the form of engineering the human body-like repairing a car. Right now there is a lot of pretense to look at the body like a car-but I am afraid a lot of procedures done by medicine are not thorough. The lesson is to avoid cutting edge, not obvious therapies and cures; go for the small, sure therapies and cures which have survived 30 or 50 years of testing. I think in 50 years dentists might be doing something entirely different from what they are doing now...

Most of these professions mentioned above-kinesiology, chiropractic, dentistry are what blood letting or tobacco smoke enemas were in 1800. They have elaborate 3-5 year programs of getting "degrees" so you look like a professional; all they are is a training in practices which don't work in real life (exactly like blood letting). But the young students in them don't know any better; the marketing of the establishment (the ones who already have these useless degrees) makes hordes of new, young people join these departments in the hope of getting rich fast. The end result is that these kids have spend 5 years of their valuable life learning something which is of little value. In 2200AD, humanity will look at these practices just as shockingly as we look at blood letting. When you are doing something foolish in the present, it is very hard to realize it. Our only hope is that over time (think centuries, not decades) we get rid of the useless professions faster than giving birth to new ones.


Fooled by Randomness-Egregious Errors Example, and Morality of Private Medicine

There is some cardiologist who is trying to say that switching the clock to daylight savings time leads to increased risk of heart attack. He has all the "Data" to prove this.

The sad  thing is is that this guy probably makes hundreds of thousands of dollars cutting open people, doing angioplasties, open heart surgeries, etc..and has no idea about correlations not being causation.

If he tried to correlate his increase in heart attacks with the size of the left kidney of the patient, or the amount of coca cola someone drinks per day, etc. etc. He will see some other pattern. After seeing the pattern, he will come up with an explanation, a story, a scientific explanation he would call it-to make us understand why there is an increase of heart attacks, for example, after drinking 1 liter of coca cola per day.

His basic assertion is "Sandhu examined about 42,000 hospital admissions in Michigan, and found that an average of 32 patients had heart attacks on any given Monday. But on the Monday immediately after springing the clock forward, there were an average of eight additional heart attacks, he said."

News report  here
and
Here

He even suggest doing further research in Hawaii and Arizona, which do not shift the clock for daylight savings time,  to confirm his findings-leaving open the field for more fools to follow his footsteps. The research was presented at some American College of Cardiology conference.

My rule is to  stay away from novel, cutting edge procedures in medicine. Something which has not been around for more than 30 or 50 years, please don't trust it at all. These guys are experimenting on you, and you pay them for it! Worse still, there is no money-back guarantee in medicine-if things go bad they still keep the money. And the worst part-you sign a document saying you cannot even sue them for damages if things go wrong.

The medicine monopoly is the most organized extortion scheme in the world (where there is little public medicine, e.g. in US, Chile, Canada). The patient has no rights, no promises-they only pay money and hope that they are cured. The other side, the medics-have a free ride on the rest of humanity.

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The moral hazards of private medicine are further shown by the recent controversy of Gilead's new pill for Hepatitis C. The treatment is going to cost US $ 84,000! Click  here for details.  No one is able to see the inhuman part  about this-how can you stiff someone of so much money when they have a severe health problem? Isn't society there to help the poor and needy? Or the government?

The argument given by these pharma companies is that they need the money to continue innovation and science. Bollocks! They are doing this to establish their monopoly. The governments and even the courts fall for this logic (in a previous post I covered how Monsanto does this the Justice system of all countries)..and everyone wants to pay these pharma companies to do more top-notch research, science, innovation etc.

Instead of preventing the formation of monopolies, the governments and courts end up assisting them. Such are the wily arguments of the merchants, Smith would say...and the monopoly spirit of these mercantile companies continues 200 years after Smith published  the Wealth of Nations. As covered before, all patents and exclusive FDA approvals do this-establish the monopoly of these companies, at the expense of the citizens, who are stuck with paying $84K for a drug, or simply carrying around the illness with them forever.

And no-one seems to see the inhumanity in Gilead's asking this exorbitant amount of money. If a man is dying, he will pay $100K for a glass of water, and that's what these people are doing. They are trying to charge the dying man $100K for a gllas of water, and the goverment, patent and court system is actively supporting this charge, in the name of increasing innovation and science (a spurious argument, as I have already shown in a previous post).

For these cardiologists, and all these people who look for data and causes of things, Taleb's Fooled by Randomness should be mandatory reading. In fact it should be mandatory reading for  everyone in University-so they don't mistake correlations for causality. The sheer volume of possible correlations confuses them into thinking they are on to something-they are all children of randomness. They underestimate the power of chance.

Plumbing gone awry- angioplasty

The scam of Angioplasty

About 1 million Americans per year (and many millions outside the US) are getting angioplasty these days. Stents are inserted into a patient with constricted arteries. This practice violates the basic common sense of plumbing. If a tube is clogged-you don't go around putting another piece of foreign material in the tube to reinforce it! Most of angioplasty is probably very harmful to people who get it. The docs do it to make money, that's all.

The correct treatment is to give blood thinners and anti-cholesterol medicines to decrease chances of cholesterol and clot formation.

Physically inserting stuff doesn't do anything. If no other medication like blood thinner or anti-cholesterol medicine is administered, the artery will clog somewhere else, duh! The real treatment, which is not invasive (of administering these drugs) is combined with the very lucrative and harmful treatment of angioplasty, where a foreign object is inserted in the poor man's heart. The numbers speak for themselves; if 1 million are getting it a year, and assuming most people who get these are above 50 (a population of about 100 million in the US), about 1% is getting angioplasty per year!  In 10 years, about 10% of the population is walking around with Johnson and Johnson, Medtronic or Boston Scientific Stents...you can see that this can't be right!

These private drug companies with their mercenary researchers will cook up data to prove how stents help (please consult your house plumber, he should be able to see the bullshit thru this). The docs and AMA fool the FDA (which is really more docs, nothing else) to approve all these strange procedures. The hapless patient pays in money, and  is left with a foreign object in a critical part of his body.  I rest my case.

From a physics/engineering perspective-if you clean a tube right, you would not need any reinforcement. Here they are doing the cleaning of the artery badly-and trying to fix a bad job by putting inserts. The original job of cleaning the artery well, so no scar tissue, etc. is generated, needs to be perfected; they are focusing on  fixing something which was not done right at the first place-the cleaning  of the artery.  Obviously the drug and stent companies like it that way-the procedure is obviously more elaborate, and you can justifiably charge a suffering patient more. In other words-stents (reinforcements) are being put because the original cleaning job of the artery is not being done well. If they have to take out the cholesterol deposits in arteries-they have to focus on doing that so well that it leaves no collateral damage, at the least. I say at the least because I am not convinced that it is necessary to clean these "blocked" arteries. There is massive redundancy built in into the human or any animal's body. If some parts fail-other parts will take over to provide or compensate for the functions. People function well with just one kidney, one arm and just one lung. On the arterial system-there is massive amounts of redundancy and collaterals built in for humans and all animals. Here is an example for the pancreas. As you can see-an elabroate tubing system like arteries is bound to have many combinations to supply blood; and even if some block or go bad, others will most probably take over the functioning. This is the reason that even people with huge cholesterol deposits in arteries never get a heart attack. The medics will never tell you about these cases-and will keep harping on the ones where they did see the deposits and there was a heart-attack. Even if there are a few cases where people have high cholesterol, and have high deposits (as seen via imagery) of cholesterol in arteries, who never get heart attacks-it is enough to disprove logically the assertion that high cholesterol increases risks of heart attacks. I know of several such people personally. Brain strokes (where flow of blood is impeded to a part of the brain because of clots etc) for that reason recover with time-the built in redundancy keeps the patients alive while the main artery (or vein) which supplies (or takes away) blood  from the affected part recovers simultaneously. Everybody is familiar with how our feet go numb after some time in one position-after changing the position, blood flow resumes normally and all gets back to normal in a few minutes.

My good friend Vijay Agarwal, who has a lot of data of heart surgery patients and angioplasties (many of his family members have heart problems, according to medics) confirms this view. Blocked arteries are a common thing in people, especially old people, but they do not result in problems of pain or heart attacks for them. They are the "false positives" in scans for blockages. However, medics ignore these large number of false positives in their tests. A study of Bayes theorem and conditional probabilities, with the issue of false positives, is what they lack, or deliberately hide, because it suits their theories that blockages cause pain and heart attacks, and removing them will reduce pain and reduce chances of heart attacks. A good primer on Bayes theorem and false positives here.

On Stress Induced Illnesses (there are none!)-Psychological Illnesses don't exist

It is common to hear that stress is causing us to lose sleep, get fat, have headaches, ulcers, cancer, etc. etc. etc. Modern life is more stressful and different than before (as I mentioned in a previous post. This fascination for today's life being faster, more hectic etc. is because you are alive in it! Reasons given are presence of cell phones, internet, cars, etc...in 1550 AD the reasons were different, but I am certain that people at that time thought that they also are moving very fast....everyone feels that the period they live in is somehow special) and stress, like global warming, is blamed for all kinds of physical and mental illnesses.

That's quite okay- I don't expect the common man to be very smart in their conversation, but what bothers me is when serious professionals in medicine start using stress as a cause of illnesses. Causality is a difficult thing to establish and physicians and medical professionals should be smart enough NEVER to attribute any illness to stress. Because we don't even scientifically know how to  define stress. Definitions like I am stressed out because I just lost my job, just moved to a new city, divorced my wife, had a family member pass away, have an irritating neighbor, classmate etc. don't say anything. At any point in life, everyone has a number of things which are not perfect, and any and all can be, and are, attributed to causing stress. This tells us nothing.

A few years ago I went to a dentist because I was grinding my teeth while sleeping (bruxism). The doctor quizzed me about all the new stuff happening in my life (new city, new job, etc. etc.) and concluded that the bruxism was caused by stress. The remedy was right-an apparatus between my teeth while sleeping, muscle relaxants, and pain relievers, but the cause was not. Saying something like bruxism is caused by stress is saying nothing at all. The doctor's experience with this illness made her prescribe the right remedy-but she is not a very logical person and is not able to reason out things from first principles of science and mathematics, and the causal attribution is not correct.

Stress is imaginary, undefinable, and ascribing it to the cause of an illness is just a play of words in the end. One of the most absurd examples is when stress is the cause and the effect of a disorder or illness...e.g. loss of sleep. You often hear stress being caused by you not sleeping well at night these days, and the reverse-that you are not sleeping well these days because of stress in your life. You seem to go into a negative feedback loop of more stress-worse sleep-causing still more stress; not a good situation to be in....

Bruxism or ulcers in the stomach have unknown causes. Stress doesn't cause these conditions. If you believe like I do that human body, or any animal body, is an extremely robust system, then real causes are external or internal, and have certain characteristics.  External factors, if causing an illness, have to manifest themselves in a physical (e.g. radiation causing you damage to skin or eye), chemical (e.g. ingesting a poison, getting in contact with sulfuric acid) or biological form (e.g. bacteria, viruses). Internal factors in the organism can be a deterioration in the organism spontaneously or with age, genetics, etc. All psychology related stuff can be safely thrown out of the window for real causes of illnesses. The psychologist and psychiatrist can still prescribe the right remedy-but they have little clue about true causality.

Because all illnesses from external (outside the body) causes should be traceable to physical, chemical and biological reasons, it becomes easier to see that all cures for these illnesses must also have a direct physical, chemical or biological impact on the organism. The cause and the cure of an illness are very similar in this sense-you can think of the cure as another input into the organism-to get rid of a previously inquired illness. Therefore, I also don't believe in talking cures (freudian kind, you talking about your childhood problems etc.) or cures from prayer, meditation, etc. Unless of course some illness might be cured simply by resting the body, with you being on a comfortable sofa (while talking to a PhD psychologist) being the real cause why you feel better, or you taking a comfortable cross legged position and doing no hard work being the real cause of you feeling better (e.g. in meditation). I have not much respect for psychologists (having studied several years of psychology myself) or Meditation/Yoga therapists for their professional abilities-even though I may like them personally.

Stress together with it's cousin anxiety are often blamed for eating disorders, generally people getting fat. The people who sell treatments for getting slim often use stress and anxiety as an all-encompassing cause for obesity. Stress and anxiety cause people to eat more and get obese, they say-so the trick is to reduce stress in life. In the end it is a game of words with nothing being said-and the poor patient keeps seeing these quacks for their obesity problems. And stress is also the effect of getting overweight, i.e. you are more stressed out these days because you are eating more. The word games go on and on.

Another example is smoking and stress. Smokers say that stress causes them to smoke more, and also, when they smoke more, they get more stressed.  The absurdities with stress go on and on.

Even Mayo Clinic has a bunch of pages on stress induced illnesses:
and many others.
      
I rest my case.

The real causes of all illnesses are somatic or physical, not psychological

In my younger (student) days I studied psychology for many years. From Freud to Skinner to Cognitive psychology, I studied it all (together with my Engineering, thankfully). After a few years, I realized how bad the whole thing was. Most of psychology is a play of words-causes of illnesses are some elaborate stuff like Depression, Anxiety, or funky acronyms like PTSD. There is no real information-just like astrology, the psychologists are playing their own game of words without anything to do with reality (many others examples exist-Financial Engineering, most of Economics, all of ergonomics, chiropractic, kinesiology, oncology, heart specialists, etc. etc...see other posts of the blog).

I am of the strong opinion that there are no psychological illnesses, that all illnesses are somatic. Ultimately what you qualify as Schizophrenia is also a somatic illness. Chemical and Physical problems in the body are the result of the symptoms of psychological illnesses. They are the real causes-putting a cause as Schizophrenia or Stress doesn't do me any good. Unless you actively intervene to try to change the chemical and physical imbalance, the patient with not get better. This intervention need not be medical-a move from a cold weather to a warm weather may cure depression, for example. But the real underlying cause of the illness is somatic, is the point to remember. If you agree with this, then life becomes a lot simpler. You are just like your dog or your buffalo, you need the right input of chemicals (or sunlight etc) to get better. They can be injected in you, you can eat something which will give you certain chemicals, you can have a physical problem with a part of your body which can go away by resting, etc. etc...but attributing the illness to somatic cause, just like you do for your car or scooter, makes the problem solvable in concrete terms. The solutions are repeatable, not subjective, and hold internationally. They also hold for animals and humans alike-as a good somatic based solution to any illness should.

See this post for the myth of alternative medicine.







Big picture ok but details are not

Most of science progresses by getting small things and experiments right, and putting them together to form a big theory. However, this is not always the case.

Reading the 'Domestication of Animals' by Darwin (a detailed version of 'The Origin') it is obvious to me that Darwin has over-observed the details-he is drawing lots of small conclusions in this work without much data. Many of these are false. However, the grand theory of evolution, is okay.

What I am saying is that Darwin's general observation of the origin of species (The theory of Evolution) is correct-but the details he is apparently using to back up the claims are not necessary, and are often not even right. It is as if you can see the Forest well, but when you see the Trees and try to understand the Forest better , you get lost and draw all kinds of wrong conclusions about the trees.

This fits in (accidentally) well with the title of my blog "False Conclusions". I call this blog "False Conclusions" because most of the cause-effect relationships we give are false, but we keep giving them anyway, and coming up with new ones. Human progress maybe depends on giving more plausible explanations as time ( measured in centuries) passes, even if they are false or proven false later.

Astrology is a good explanation of what happens around to you until Astronomy comes about to tell you that the stars are bodies just like the Earth and are not controlling your life. Indeed, Superstition is pre-science-it is trying to explain what happens around us but gets it all wrong in assuming the existence of Gods and spirits. This was pointed out by Smith in his Lectures-introduction to Astronomy.


Sanjay

Consumer confidence and other surveys-meaningless

They tout the consumer confidence from Michigan or wherever and tell you that people are in a dour mood. They survey CEOs about their outlook ("feelings") for the year and months to come and tell you how to interpret it to invest money in bonds, stocks, etc. All these surveys are sold as financial news.

These surveys are meaningless. They don't tell you anything.

Humans talk and act. Their actions many times have not much to do with their talk--they will keep saying they wont smoke or eat more or buy a Gucci bag but will keep doing those activities anyway. It is a fundamental problem with all surveys (including pseudo subjects like psychology, sociology, etc. which are heavily survey dependent)-a human animal just because of it's ability to talk is assumed to know what it wants to do-and this is a wrong assumption. Look at the number of smokers and dieters around you who are addicted to cigarettes and are fat to convince yourself that what we say is very often not followed through. Actions speak louder than words, someone has said---and that is the right view from a biologist/scientist-animals which don't speak also show their preferences by their actions. This is also true for savage people with rudimentary language skills living in the Amazonian jungles, the aborigines in Australia, NZ and many parts of Africa and Asia, and numerous other "uncivilized" human beings which still live today. They may not talk much---but they are still humans, at least in the present classification of species. And you trust their actions for finding out about their preferences, not what they say. This also holds for kids-who talk a lot of things but you can tell what they really want much better by watching what they do.

Update 2016:
Polls for who wins in Hillary vs. Trump are everywhere. Most are leaning toward Hillary. What they are not considering is that many people might be lying in the polls-just because they say they will not vote for Trump today doesn't mean that when election time in November, they will follow through on this. They will in the end vote for him for other reasons, or justifications. They may not like associating with him today on a poll service, but where it really counts, when the actual vote is done, they will vote for him.

Note that what I am saying here is different from the standard deviation of surveys and sampling problems. When probabilities are tight, you need a lot of samples to figure out what's going on in the underlying distribution. But here I am talking about why even if the samples were representative of the underlying  distribution, they are still imperfect, because people will say one thing on the survey, e.g. I will vote for Clinton today; but when the voting ballot is actually cast, they will vote for Trump. Everyone knows that that's the one which counts.

Sanjay